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The term “urban warfare” refers to any military operation that takes place in an urban environment, including but not limited to cities, towns, and villages.
The use of light arms and explosives and the clearing of buildings and streets are all examples of the many distinct military strategies, tactics, and procedures that can be used in urban conflict.
Due to the complex nature of urban areas, urban combat can be extremely difficult.
This is because urban environments often have small roads, buildings, and other structures that can provide cover for opposing forces and make it difficult for military units to maneuver. Also, urban warfare can pose a number of problems, such as the risk of civilian deaths and the need to cause as little damage as possible to buildings and other infrastructure.
Urban warfare may also involve the use of specialized military units, such as special forces or urban warfare units, which are trained to operate in urban environments and equipped with the necessary skills and equipment to conduct operations in these complex and demanding environments.
In an urban battle, improvised weapons, like improvised explosive devices or improvised grenades, may also be used.
Risks of Urban Combat
Urban combat can present various hazards to military personnel, including:
- Close Combat: Soldiers often have to fight in urban areas, where they may have to fight hand-to-hand or use small arms and explosives in tight spaces. This may increase the risk of injury or even death.
- Ambushes and surprise attacks: Urban environments can provide cover and concealment for enemy forces, making it easier for them to stage ambushes and surprise attacks.
- Collateral Damage: Urban combat can lead to massive damage to infrastructure and buildings, which can harm innocent civilians as well as harm the local economy.
- Casualties among civilians: Because urban areas are typically home to a high population density, the potential for civilian casualties to occur as a result of military operations is increased.
- Psychological Stress: Urban combat can be an enormous emotional challenge to the forces involved because of the proximity of enemy forces, the risk of injury or death, and the potential for civilian casualties.
Overall, urban combat can be an extremely complex and dangerous environment that requires specialized training and equipment for effective military maneuvers as well as battlefield survivability.
Goals / Military Objectives of Urban warfare
Some of the military objectives armies may seek to achieve through urban warfare include:
- Capture of key / strategic infrastructure: Urban environments often contain critical infrastructure, such as airports, ports, power plants, and communications networks, which may be important to military operations. Military forces may seek to take control of such infrastructure in order to gain a strategic advantage or disrupt enemy operations.
- Effective Defense Against Enemy Forces: Urban environments can provide great cover and concealment for enemy forces, making it difficult for military units to detect and engage them. Urban combat can be used as a way of defending against enemy forces trying to take control of a city or town.
- Liberation of Occupied Territories: Military forces may engage in urban combat to liberate territories occupied by enemy forces.
- Disrupting Enemy Operations: Military operations in urban areas can be used to disrupt enemy operations, such as supply lines or communication networks, and make it difficult for enemy military operations to be conducted.
- Civilian Protection: In some cases, military forces may engage in urban combat to protect civilians from various threats, such as in a humanitarian crisis or when civilians are used as human shields by enemy forces.
In short, the goals of urban combat can change based on the situation and the larger strategic goals of military operations.
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